Types of Literature Review in Academic Writing

literature review

In academic research, literature reviews play a crucial role in providing a comprehensive understanding of existing knowledge and informing the development of new research questions. However, not all literature reviews are created equal. In this post, we’ll explore the various types of literature review, each with its distinct purpose, methodology, and focus, shedding light on the diverse approaches researchers employ to engage with existing scholarship.

Narrative (or thematic) Literature Review

The narrative literature review is the most common type, providing a broad overview and summary of existing literature on a particular topic. This type of review often follows a chronological or thematic structure, presenting key findings, theories, and methodologies without a specific quantitative synthesis.

Systematic Literature Review

In contrast to the narrative review, a systematic literature review follows a structured and rigorous process to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing research. Researchers employ predefined criteria to select studies, ensuring a transparent and replicable methodology. Systematic reviews are common in evidence-based disciplines and contribute to evidence synthesis.

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Meta-Analysis

A meta-analysis takes the systematic review a step further by statistically analyzing the results of multiple studies to draw overarching conclusions. It involves quantitatively synthesizing data from selected studies to provide a more robust and statistically supported understanding of a particular phenomenon. It may be presented graphically, in tables, and with a narrative commentary.

Scoping Review

Scoping reviews aim to map the existing literature on a broad topic, providing an overview of key concepts, sources, and gaps in research. Unlike systematic reviews, scoping reviews may include a wider range of study designs and focus on summarizing the breadth rather than the depth of available literature.

Integrative Review

An integrative review goes beyond summarizing existing studies by synthesizing diverse methodologies and theoretical frameworks. It aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular topic by integrating findings from various research traditions. This is also referred to as a mixed methods review. Typically both components will be presented as narrative and in tables. Such a review may also employ graphical means of integrating quantitative and qualitative studies.

Critical Review

A critical review involves a thorough evaluation and critique of the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature. It may focus on theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, or the implications of key findings. Critical reviews often contribute to theoretical development and the identification of research gaps. This is because a critical review provides an opportunity to ‘take stock’ and evaluate what is of value from the previous body of work. It may also attempt to resolve competing schools of thought. As such, it
may provide a ‘launch pad’ for a new phase of conceptual development and subsequent ‘testing’.

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Argumentative Review

An argumentative review, also known as a persuasive review, aims to present a specific perspective or argument on a particular topic. Researchers use this type of review to advocate for a particular theoretical framework, methodological approach, or interpretation of existing literature.

Mapping Review

A mapping review visually represents the key concepts, themes, and relationships within a field of study. This type of review provides researchers with a graphical or tabular representation of the existing literature’s landscape, helping to identify patterns and trends. The researcher maps out and categorises existing literature from which to commission further reviews and/or primary research by identifying gaps in research literature.

Choosing the Right Types of Literature Review

The choice of the literature review type depends on the research question, goals, and the stage of the research process. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are ideal for evidence synthesis, while scoping reviews are beneficial when exploring a broad research area. Critical and argumentative reviews are valuable for theoretical development and challenging existing paradigms.

Summary

As researchers navigate the vast terrain of existing scholarship, the type of literature review chosen shapes the depth, breadth, and impact of their contribution to the academic conversation. Understanding the nuances of each review type empowers researchers to select the most suitable approach for their research goals, ensuring a meaningful engagement with the rich tapestry of knowledge that precedes their work. Whether weaving a narrative, conducting a systematic inquiry, or challenging established paradigms, the choice of literature review type is a deliberate and strategic decision that guides the research journey.


Recommended reading

Greetham, B. (2020). How to write your literature review. Macmillan (Click to view on Amazon #Ad)

This engaging guide by bestselling author Bryan Greetham takes students step-by-step through the process of writing a literature review, and equips them with practical strategies to help them navigate each stage. 


Glenn Stevens

Academic writer and researcher. PhD supervisor. Glenn is also a qualified English teacher. He previously had an extensive career in publishing. Lives in the UK.
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