Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory Methodology

Introduction:

Developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, grounded theory has evolved over time, with Strauss and Corbin contributing significantly to its development. In this blog post, we will delve into the basics of Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology, exploring its key principles and steps that guide researchers in generating rich, contextually embedded theories.

Understanding Grounded Theory:

1. Foundations of Grounded Theory:

• Innovation: Grounded theory emerged as an innovative approach to qualitative research, challenging traditional deductive methods. Instead of starting with preconceived hypotheses, grounded theory begins with the data, allowing theories to emerge from the empirical evidence.

2. Strauss and Corbin’s Contribution:

• Evolution: Strauss and Corbin expanded upon the original grounded theory framework developed by Glaser and Strauss. They provided a more structured and systematic approach, emphasizing the simultaneous processes of data collection, coding, and theory development.

3. Key Principles:

• a. Constant Comparative Method:
  • Researchers engage in a continuous process of comparing data within and across cases. This iterative approach allows for the identification of patterns and variations, facilitating the development of theoretical categories.
• b. Theoretical Sampling:
  • Sampling is not predetermined but evolves during the study based on emerging theoretical insights. The goal is to select participants or data sources that will contribute to the refinement and development of the emerging theory.
• c. Coding Procedures:
  • Coding involves systematically analyzing data by breaking it down into discrete segments. Strauss and Corbin introduced three types of coding: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, each serving a specific purpose in theory development.
• d. Memo Writing:
  • Researchers keep detailed memos throughout the research process. Memos capture reflections, ideas, and theoretical insights, contributing to the ongoing refinement of the emerging theory.

4. Phases of Grounded Theory:

• a. Open Coding:
  • In the initial phase, researchers engage in open coding, breaking down data into concepts and categories. This process involves constant comparison to identify patterns and connections.
• b. Axial Coding:
  • Axial coding focuses on exploring relationships between categories. Researchers examine the connections between concepts, refining categories and exploring how they interact to form a coherent theory.
• c. Selective Coding:
  • The final phase involves selective coding, where a central category is identified, and the theory is brought together. This stage solidifies the core concept and its relationships, creating a comprehensive and integrated theoretical framework.

5. Theoretical Sensitivity:

• Sensitivity: Strauss and Corbin emphasized the importance of theoretical sensitivity—researchers’ ability to interpret data in a way that captures the nuances and complexities of the participants’ experiences. This involves maintaining an openness to emerging themes and theoretical possibilities.

6. Practical Application:

• Fieldwork: Grounded theory is often applied in fields such as sociology, nursing, psychology, and education. Researchers collect rich, qualitative data through methods like interviews, observations, or document analysis.

7. Reflexivity and Iteration:

• Reflection: Researchers continuously reflect on their own assumptions, biases, and preconceptions throughout the study. The iterative nature of grounded theory allows for adjustments and refinements as the theory evolves.

Conclusion:

Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology represents a paradigm shift in qualitative research, offering a systematic and dynamic approach to theory development. By placing emphasis on the constant comparison of data, theoretical sampling, and a structured coding process, this methodology equips researchers with the tools to generate theories that are deeply rooted in empirical evidence. As scholars continue to explore the complexities of human experiences, Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology remains a valuable compass, guiding researchers on a journey of discovery grounded in the rich tapestry of lived realities.